Fawzia Koofi began her political career in 2001 after the fall of the Taliban, promoting the right to education of girls in her "Back to school" campaign. In the parliamentary elections in 2005, she was elected to the National Assembly for the Badakhshan district in the northeastern part of the country and became its Vice-President.

Koofi was the first female Second Deputy Speaker of Parliament in the history of Afghanistan. She was re-elected in the parliamentary elections of 2010 and then elected MP from a total of 69 female members of the Assembly. She has escaped several assassination attempts. Today, she is a candidate in the 2014 Afghan presidential elections.